Title

The title should be:

• concise;
• clear;
• specific;
• informative; and
• representative of the main issue or argument of the article.

The title should accurately reflect the content of the manuscript and should avoid unnecessary or uncommon abbreviations.

The title should preferably not exceed 20 words.

The title should identify the central issue, context, subject, or research focus of the article rather than using overly broad or general expressions.

Author Names and Affiliations

The manuscript should include:

• full name of each author;
• institutional affiliation;
• institutional address;
• email address of the corresponding author; and
• ORCID iD, where available.

Academic degrees, professional titles, and institutional positions should not be included after the author's name.

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office and must ensure that:

1. all listed authors have made a meaningful contribution to the work;
2. all authors have approved the submitted manuscript;
3. all authors have approved the final version before publication; and
4. the order of authorship has been agreed upon by all authors.

Abstract

The manuscript must contain an abstract in both Indonesian and English.

Each abstract should generally contain 150–285 words and should be written in a single paragraph.

The abstract should clearly include:

1. the background or research problem;
2. the purpose or objective of the study;
3. the research method or analytical approach;
4. the principal findings or arguments;
5. the significance or implications of the study; and
6. the originality or contribution of the study.

The abstract should be understandable independently of the main text.

The abstract should not contain:

• footnotes;
• citations;
• tables;
• figures; or
• unexplained abbreviations.

Keywords

Authors should provide 3–6 keywords that represent the principal concepts, themes, or issues discussed in the manuscript.

Keywords should be:

• specific to the article;
• relevant to the academic discipline;
• reasonably common within the relevant field; and
• written in lowercase, except for proper names.

Introduction

This section combines the Introduction and the Method in a single section. It should be organized in the following order: (1) the introductory discussion, (2) a clear statement of the research objective, question, or argument, and (3) the explanation of the method. The method must be presented only after the research objective has been stated.

 

Introductory discussion

The introductory discussion should establish the academic context and significance of the study. It should not merely provide a general background but should establish the academic rationale for why the study is necessary. It should explain:

·      the background and context of the issue;

·      the central problem or research question;

·      relevant previous scholarship;

·      the current state of research;

·      the research gap or unresolved scholarly problem;

·      the relevant theoretical or conceptual framework; and

·      the expected scholarly contribution of the study.

Authors should demonstrate clearly how the present study relates to previous scholarship, supported by relevant and credible scholarly literature.

 

Statement of research objective

The introductory discussion must conclude with a clear statement of the research objective, question, or argument. This statement marks the end of the introductory discussion and the transition to the method.

 

Method (presented after the statement of objective)

Only after the research objective, question, or argument has been stated should the authors explain how the research was conducted, so that readers can understand the basis on which the findings or arguments were developed. Depending on the nature of the research, this part should include relevant information concerning:

·      research approach and design;

·      research type;

·      research setting or context;

·      research subjects, participants, or sources;

·      sampling or selection procedures, where applicable;

·      data sources;

·      data collection procedures;

·      research instruments;

·      data analysis techniques;

·      procedures for ensuring validity, credibility, reliability, or trustworthiness, where applicable; and

·      ethical considerations.

 

Qualitative research: Authors should explain the qualitative approach, participants or sources, data collection, analytical procedures, and strategies used to establish credibility or trustworthiness.

 

Quantitative research: Authors should provide appropriate information concerning variables, population and sample, instruments, data collection, and statistical analysis.

 

Theological, conceptual, historical, philosophical, or literary studies: Authors should explain the theological, hermeneutical, philosophical, historical, textual, or interpretive approach used in developing the analysis.

 

The method should provide sufficient detail to demonstrate the rigor of the research without including unnecessary procedural information.

 

Research ethics: Where research involves human participants, authors must comply with applicable research ethics requirements and provide relevant information concerning ethical approval or informed consent where appropriate.

Discussion

The article does not include a separate Results section. Findings are presented directly within the Discussion, which is organized under subheadings. Each subheading serves as a discussion point in which the finding is presented and interpreted together. Findings should not be reported in an independent section before the discussion.

Under each subheading, authors should:

·      present the principal finding clearly;

·      provide sufficient evidence to support the finding;

·      interpret rather than merely describe the finding;

·      relate the finding to the research questions, objectives, theoretical framework, and previous scholarship;

·      explain agreements and differences between the finding and previous scholarship;

·      critically evaluate the significance of the finding;

·      explain the theological, educational, social, cultural, or scholarly implications where relevant; and

·      identify limitations or possible directions for further research where appropriate.

·      Organization of subheadings

 

The Discussion should be divided into subheadings according to:

·      research questions;

·      themes;

·      major findings;

·      theoretical dimensions; or

·      other logical analytical categories.

 

Subheadings should help readers understand the development of the argument.

 

Guiding questions

The discussion under each subheading should answer questions such as:

·      What do the findings mean?

·      How do the findings answer the research question?

·      Why are the findings significant?

·      How do they relate to previous research?

·      Do they confirm, extend, challenge, or contradict existing scholarship?

·      What new contribution does the study make?

 

The Discussion should demonstrate critical analysis and scholarly argumentation, rather than simply restating the data or presenting findings without interpretation.

 

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures may be used when they contribute meaningfully to the presentation or interpretation of the findings.

All tables and figures must:

·      be numbered consecutively;

·      have clear titles or captions;

·      be referred to in the main text;

·      be appropriately sourced where necessary; and

·      be sufficiently clear and readable.

Conclusion

The Conclusion should directly answer the research questions or objectives stated at the end of the Introduction and Method section, and summarize the principal findings or scholarly arguments developed in the Discussion.

 

The Conclusion should:

·       synthesize the main findings;

·       emphasize the principal scholarly contribution;

·       explain the significance of the findings where appropriate; and

·       provide recommendations or directions for future research when relevant.

 

The Conclusion should not simply repeat the Abstract or reproduce the Discussion.