Upah yang layak sebagai praktik eklesiologis: Sebuah konstruksi teologi kerja untuk gereja Indonesia kontemporer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v11i3.1550Keywords:
ecclesiology; economic justice; fair wages; Indonesian church; theology of work; eklesiologi; gereja Indonesia; keadilan ekonomi; teologi kerja; upah layakAbstract
This article constructs a theology of fair wages as an Ecclesiologi-cal practice for contemporary Indonesian churches. Many church workers in Indonesia experience exploitation legitimized through distorted theologies of service, kenosis, and servant leadership. Using practical theology methodology with Richard Osmer's four-task framework, this research identifies theological, historical, and socio-cultural factors contributing to wage injustice within ecclesiastical institutions. The normative construction draws upon biblical foundations, including the prophetic tradition's critique of labor exploitation (Jer. 22:13; Mal. 3:5), Jesus' affirmation that workers deserve their wages (Luk. 10:7), and Paul instructions regarding compensation for church workers (1Tim. 5:17-18). Dogmatic foundations encompass imago Dei anthropology, symmetrical kenosis christology, and koinonia ecclesiology. This article argues that fair wages constitute an authentic ecclesiological practice that reflects the church's identity as the body of Christ and proposes transformative strategies at the theological, structural, and cultural levels.
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengonstruksi teologi upah yang layak sebagai praktik eklesiologis bagi gereja Indonesia kontemporer. Banyak pekerja gereja di Indonesia mengalami eksploitasi yang dilegitimasi melalui distorsi teologi pelayanan, kenosis, dan kepemimpinan hamba. Dengan menggunakan metodologi teologi praktis dan kerangka empat tugas Richard Osmer, riset ini mengidentifikasi faktor teologis, historis, dan sosio-kultural yang berkontribusi pada ketidakadilan upah dalam institusi gerejawi. Konstruksi normatif bersumber dari fondasi biblikal meliputi kritik tradisi profetik terhadap eksploitasi pekerja (Yer. 22:13; Mal. 3:5), afirmasi Yesus bahwa pekerja layak mendapat upahnya (Luk. 10:7), dan instruksi Paulus tentang kompensasi pekerja gereja (1Tim. 5:17-18). Fondasi dogmatis mencakup antropologi imago Dei, kristologi kenosis simetris, dan eklesiologi koinonia. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa upah yang layak merupakan praktik eklesiologis autentik yang merefleksikan identitas gereja sebagai tubuh Kristus, serta mengusulkan strategi transformatif pada level teologis, struktural, dan kultural.
References
Aritonang, Jan Sihar, and Karel Steenbrink, eds. A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
Baker, David W. Joel, Obadiah, Malachi. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006.
Blanchard, Kenneth, and Phil Hodges. The Servant Leader: Transforming Your Heart, Head, Hands, and Habits. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2003.
Block, Peter. Stewardship: Choosing Service Over Self-Interest. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013.
Bovon, François. Luke 1: A Commentary on the Gospel of Luke 1:1–9:50. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.
Brueggemann, Walter. A Commentary on Jeremiah: Exile and Homecoming. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998.
Campbell, Ken M. “What Was Jesus’ Occupation?” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 48, no. 3 (2005): 501–519.
Christensen, Duane L. Deuteronomy 21:10–34:12. Word Biblical Commentary 6B. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2002.
Coakley, Sarah. “Kenosis and Subversion: On the Repression of ‘Vulnerability’ in Christian Feminist Writing.” In Powers and Submissions: Spirituality, Philosophy and Gender, 3–39. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
Cosden, Darrell. A Theology of Work: Work and the New Creation. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2006.
Evans, C. Stephen. “Kenotic Christology and the Nature of God.” In Exploring Kenotic Christology: The Self-Emptying of God, edited by C. Stephen Evans, 190–217. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Fee, Gordon D. The First Epistle to the Corinthians. Rev. ed. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2014.
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Translated by Myra Bergman Ramos. 30th Anniversary ed. New York: Continuum, 2000.
Gorman, Michael J. Inhabiting the Cruciform God: Kenosis, Justification, and Theosis in Paul’s Narrative Soteriology. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2009.
Greenleaf, Robert K. Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2002.
Hardy, Lee. The Fabric of This World: Inquiries into Calling, Career Choice, and the Design of Human Work. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1990.
Hawthorne, Gerald F. Philippians. Word Biblical Commentary 43. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1983.
Healy, Nicholas M. Church, World and the Christian Life: Practical-Prophetic Ecclesiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Kelsey, David H. Between Athens and Berlin: The Theological Education Debate. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1993.
Lepa, R., T. Hartono, H. Adijanto, A. Wasugai, R. Sinauru, H. Mamahit, and J. Walean. Paradigma Spiritualitas Kristen di Era 5.0. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi, 2022.
Lundbom, Jack R. Jeremiah 21–36. Anchor Bible 21B. New York: Doubleday, 2004.
Marshall, Ian Howard. The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1978.
———. The Pastoral Epistles. International Critical Commentary. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1999.
Memmi, Albert. The Colonizer and the Colonized. Translated by Howard Greenfeld. Boston: Beacon Press, 1991.
Middleton, J. Richard. The Liberating Image: The Imago Dei in Genesis 1. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2005.
Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 17–22: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible 3A. New York: Doubleday, 2000.
Nessan, Craig L. Shalom Church: The Body of Christ as Ministering Community. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2010.
Ogereau, Julien M. Paul’s Koinonia with the Philippians: A Socio-Historical Investigation of a Pauline Economic Partnership. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2/377. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.
Osmer, Richard R. Practical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008.
Padakari, Seprianus L., and Rezeki Putra Gulo. “Teologi dan Keadilan Sosial: Peran Gereja dalam Merespons Ketimpangan Global.” Tumou Tou 12, no. 1 (2025): 41–52.
Pattison, Stephen. The Faith of the Managers: When Management Becomes Religion. London: Cassell, 1997.
Paul II, John. Laborem Exercens. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1981.
Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2004.
Pramudya, Wisnu Haryo, Julianto Agung Saputro, and Atika Jauharia Hatta. “Tata Kelola Gereja: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur.” Jurnal Ilmiah Gema Perencana 4, no. 2 (2025): 871–888.
Rowe, C. Kavin. World Upside Down: Reading Acts in the Graeco-Roman Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Sianturi, Rionaldo. Eklesiologi Solidaritas Buruh di Batam dalam Menghadapi Ketidakadilan Sistem Alih Daya. Tesis S2, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, 2013.
Singgih, Emanuel Gerrit. Berteologi dalam Konteks: Pemikiran-Pemikiran Mengenai Kontekstualisasi Teologi di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2000.
Soetoprawiro, Koerniatmanto. Bukan Kapitalisme, Bukan Sosialisme: Memahami Keterlibatan Sosial Gereja. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.
Spicq, Ceslas. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Translated by James D. Ernest. Vol. 3. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.
Stevens, R. Paul. The Other Six Days: Vocation, Work, and Ministry in Biblical Perspective. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999.
Thiselton, Anthony C. The First Epistle to the Corinthians. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000.
Towner, Philip H. The Letters to Timothy and Titus. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006.
Wenham, Gordon J. Genesis 1–15. Word Biblical Commentary 1. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1987.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
Zuhri, Saprudin, Octavia Rogate Hutagaol, and Failasofa Amalia. Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Indonesia Agustus 2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sugeng Santoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
