Partisipasi aktif dalam ibadah online sebagai tanda persekutuan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v8i1.467Keywords:
active participation, community, fellowship, local church, online worship, ibadah online, gereja lokal, komunitas, partisipasi aktif, persekutuanAbstract
This article aims to explain the differences between the online community and fellowship (church) through the dimensions of active participation in online worship. A fellowship is a community of baptized who confessed their faith and are actively involved in their calling. In a local church, members are united by common culture, language, and history. It is feared that online worship carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic will reduce the meaning of fellowship. Through descriptive qualitative method plus observation, with the theory from Alan Rathe and F. Gerrit Immink regarding active participation, this study found three indicators that could help churches prepare their worship to invite active participation as a sign of fellowship. The three indicators are ??Sin⬝ which refers to the common ground, namely initiation in the Triune God; "with" which refers to the congregation's togetherness to follow and participate both in terms of time and ability to interact; and "by" that is doing something together such as singing and responding to the same ritual.
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan komunitas dan persekutuan (gereja) online melalui dimensi partisipasi aktif dalam ibadah secara online. Persekutuan adalah komunitas orang-orang yang dibaptis yang memiliki pengakuan iman, dan terlibat aktif dalam tugas panggilannya. Dalam bentuk gereja lokal, anggota diikat oleh kesamaan budaya, bahasa, dan sejarah. Ibadah online yang dilaksanakan dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 dikhawatirkan akan mengurangi makna persekutuan. Melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif ditambah observasi, dengan teori dari Alan Rathe dan F. Gerrit Immink mengenai partisipasi aktif dalam ibadah, penelitian ini menemukan tiga indikator yang mengukur partisipasi jemaat dalam ibadah. Ketiga indikator itu adalah ??Sdalam⬝ yang merujuk kepada kesamaan landasan yaitu inisiasi dalam Allah Tritunggal; ??Sbersama⬝ yang merujuk kepada kebersamaan jemaat mengikuti dan berpartisipasi baik dari sisi waktu maupun kemampuan berinteraksi; dan ??Sdengan cara⬝ yaitu melakukan sesuatu bersama seperti bernyanyi dan merespons tata ibadah yang sama.
References
Ammerman, Nancy T., ed. Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Barna Group. Six Questions about the Future of the Hybrid Church Experience. State of the Digital Church Series. Venture, CA: Barna Group, 2020.
Berger, Teresa. ??SWorship: Exploring Liturgical Practices in Cyberspace.⬝ Questions Liturgiques 94, no. 3??4 (2013): 266??86. https://doi.org/10.2143/QL.94.3.3007367.
Beukes, Jacques W. ??STo Be or Not to Be? A Missional and Practical Theological Perspective on Being Church without Walls Amidst Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Challenge or an Opportunity?⬝ HTS Teologiese Studies 76, no. 1 (2020): 1??7. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i1.6115.
Bond, Melanie. ??SWhat Is an Online Community? The Basics & Benefits - Higher Logic,⬝ December 16, 2020. https://www.higherlogic.com/blog/what-is-an-online-community/.
Borowik, Claire. ??SFrom Radical Communalism to Virtual Community: The Digital Transformation of the Family International.⬝ Nova Religio 22, no. 1 (2018): 59??86. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2018.22.1.59.
Broughton, Geoff. ??SThe Changing Face [Book] of Friendship, Fellowship and Formation.⬝ St Mark??"s Review, no. 233 (2015): 74??86.
Campbell, Heidi A., ed. The Distanced Church: Reflections on Doing Church Online. College Station, Texas: Digital Religion Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/1756073x.2021.1878193.
Dyikuk, Justine John. ??SChristianity and the Digital Age: Sustaining the Online Church.⬝ International Journal of Journalism and Mass Communication 3, no. 1 (2017): 43??49.
Ebersole, S., and R. Woods. ??SVirtual Community: Koinonia or Compromise? - Theological Implications of Community in Cyberspace.⬝ Christian Scholars Review 31, no. 2 (2001): 185??216.
Erickson, Craig Douglas. Participating in Worship: History, Theory, and Practice. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1989.
Estes, Douglas. SimChurch: Being the Church in the Virtual World. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009.
Fiedrowicz, Michael. The Traditional Mass: History, Form, & Theology of the Classical Roman Rite. Translated by Rose Pfeifer. EBook. Brooklyn, New York: Angelico Press, 2020.
Glendinning, Chad J. ??SThe Role of the Competent Ecclesiastical Authority in the Promotion of Participatio Actuosa Prior to the Second Vatican Council.⬝ Questions Liturgiques 95, no. 1??2 (2014): 8??27. https://doi.org/10.2143/QL.95.1.3030643.
Hutchings, Tim. ??SReal Virtual Community.⬝ Word&World 35, no. 2 (2015): 151??61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773812462867.
Immink, F. Gerrit. The Touch of the Sacred: The Practice, Theology, and Tradition of Christian Worship. Translated by Reinder Bruinsma. Kindle. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.
Keener, Craig S. Galatians. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108642392.
Kittel, Gerhard, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1985. https://doi.org/10.2307/3264881.
??SLife.Church.⬝ Accessed March 10, 2021. https://www.life.church/.
Lukuhay, Alexander Stevanus. ??SAnalisis Teologis Mengenai Beribadah Di Rumah Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia.⬝ Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 2, no. 1 (2020): 43??61.
McIntosh, Esther. ??SBelonging Without Believing: Church as Community in an Age of Digital Media.⬝ International Journal of Public Theology 9, no. 2 (2015): 131??55. https://doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341389.
Ocampo, Leo-Martin Angelo R. ??SCybergrace in Cyberspace?⬝ Landas 33, no. 2 (2019): 1??36.
Olusola, Emmanuel B. ??SDigital Church and E-Culture in the New Media Age: The Spectrum of Nigeria.⬝ African Ecclesial Review 57, no. 3 & 4 (2015): 206??24.
Pakpahan, Binsar Jonathan. ??SMencari Definisi Kehadiran Antar-Subjek Yang Bermakna Di Ruang Digital.⬝ Bia: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 4, no. 1 (2021): 1??18.
PGI. Dokumen Keesaan Gereja Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Di Indonesia (DKG-PGI) 2019-2024. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2020.
Rathe, Alan. Evangelicals, Worship and Participation: Taking a Twenty-First Century Reading. Surrey; Burlington: Ashgate, 2014.
Reimann, Ralf Peter. ??S???Uncharted Territories??": The Challenges of Digitalization and Social Media for Church and Society.⬝ Ecumenical Review 69, no. 1 (2017): 67??79. https://doi.org/10.1111/erev.12267.
Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. New York: Perseus, 1993.
Roesmijati. ??SKajian Ekklesiologi: Ibadah Gereja Rumah Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.⬝ Kingdom: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 2 (2021): 122??37.
??SThe Anglican Cathedral of Second Life.⬝ Accessed March 10, 2021. https://slangcath.wordpress.com/.
??SThe Gatehouse Home - The Gatehouse.⬝ Accessed March 10, 2021. https://www.i-church.org/gatehouse/.
Vatican Council. The Documents of Vatican II. Vatican City: The Vatican Publishing House, 2014.
Widjaja, F. I., Dkk. ??SMenstimulasi Praktik Gereja Rumah Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 [Stimulating House Church Practices During the Covid-19 Pandemic].⬝ KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) [KURIOS - Journal of Theology and Christian Education] 2019, no. 1 (2020): 127??39.
Widjaja, Fransiskus Irwan, Fredik Melkias Boiliu, Didimus SB Prasetya, Haposan Simanjuntak, and Vicky BGD Paat. ??SMenuju Evolusi Ibadah Kristen Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.⬝ Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 3, no. 2 (2021): 150??59. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v2i2.29126.7.
Wong, Kam Ming. ??SChristians Outside the Church: An Ecclesiological Critique of Virtual Church.⬝ Heythrop Journal - Quarterly Review of Philosophy and Theology 49, no. 5 (2008): 822??40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2008.00401.x.
World Council of Churches. The Church: Towards a Common Vision. Vol. 50. Faith and Order Paper. Geneva, Switzerland: World Council of Churches Publications, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1353/ecu.2015.0030.