Dari aretē ke agapē

Rekonstruksi etika kebajikan Kristiani sebagai basis pendidikan karakter

Authors

  • Jonathan Leobisa Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v12i1.1182

Keywords:

agapē, aretē, character education, Christian religious education, Christian virtue ethics, forma virtutum, etika kebajikan Kristiani, pendidikan agama Kristen, pendidikan karakter

Abstract

The crisis of character in contemporary society demands a response that transcends merely technical pedagogical intervention. This article argues that a reconstruction of Christian virtue ethics, moving from the philosophical roots of Aristotelian aretē to the theological apex of agapē, provides a robust and integral foundation for character education in Christian religious education. Through an analytical-synthetic approach that brings classical moral philosophy into dialogue with systematic moral theology, this article traces the transformation of the concept of virtue from Aristotelian eudaimonism to Thomistic synthesis and, ultimately, to christological love ethics. Integrating MacIntyre's narrative virtue, Aquinas's doctrine of caritas as forma virtutum, and the pedagogical implications of Smith, Hauerwas, Dykstra, and Groome, this article offers a character education framework grounded in participation in divine love and actualized through community, formative practices, and faith narrative. The contribution lies in offering an integrative paradigm that bridges the philosophical and theological heritages to support the praxis of contextual Christian religious education in Indonesia.

 

Abstrak

Krisis karakter yang melanda masyarakat kontemporer menuntut respons yang melampaui sekadar intervensi pedagogis teknis. Artikel ini mengajukan argumentasi bahwa rekonstruksi etika kebajikan Kristiani, yang bergerak dari akar filosofis aretē Aristotelian menuju puncak teologis agapē, menyediakan fondasi yang kokoh dan integral bagi pendidikan karakter dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Melalui pendekatan analitis-sin-tetis yang mempertemukan tradisi filsafat moral klasik dengan teologi moral sistematika, artikel ini menelusuri transformasi konsep kebajikan dari eudaimonisme Aristotelian melalui sintesis Thomistik menuju etika kasih kristologis. Dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif MacIntyre tentang kebaikan naratif, doktrin Aquinas tentang caritas sebagai forma virtutum, serta implikasi pedagogis Smith, Hauerwas, Dykstra, dan Groome, artikel ini menawarkan kerangka pendidikan karakter yang bersumber pada partisipasi dalam kasih ilahi dan diaktualisasikan melalui komunitas, praktik-praktik formatif, dan narasi iman. Kontribusi artikel ini terletak pada penawaran paradigma integratif yang menjembatani warisan filosofis dan teologis bagi praksis PAK kontekstual di Indonesia.

References

Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae.

Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Terence Irwin. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1999.

Darmaputera, Eka. Pancasila and the Search for Identity and Modernity in Indonesian Society: A Cultural and Ethical Analysis. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988.

Dykstra, Craig. Vision and Character: A Christian Educator's Alternative to Kohlberg. New York: Paulist Press, 1981.

Fowler, James. Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.

Groome, Thomas H. Christian Religious Education: Sharing Our Story and Vision. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980.

Hauerwas, Stanley. A Community of Character: Toward a Constructive Christian Social Ethic. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981.

Katoppo, Marianne. Compassionate and Free: An Asian Woman's Theology. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1979.

Lewis, C. S. The Abolition of Man. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.

MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. 3rd ed. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.

Meilaender, Gilbert. The Theory and Practice of Virtue. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984.

Niebuhr, Reinhold. An Interpretation of Christian Ethics. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1935.

Nygren, Anders. Agape and Eros. Translated by Philip S. Watson. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1953.

O'Donovan, Oliver. Resurrection and Moral Order: An Outline for Evangelical Ethics. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

Outka, Gene. Agape: An Ethical Analysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972.

Pieper, Josef. About Love. Translated by Richard and Clara Winston. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1974.

———. The Four Cardinal Virtues. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966.

Pinckaers, Servais, O.P. The Sources of Christian Ethics. Translated by Sr. Mary Thomas Noble, O.P. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1995.

Sidjabat, B. S. Strategi Pendidikan Kristen: Suatu Tinjauan Komprehensif. Yogyakarta: ANDI, 2011.

Simatupang, T. B. Dari Revolusi ke Pembangunan: Kumpulan Karangan. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1987.

———. Panggilan Kita di Indonesia Dewasa Ini. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1964.

Singgih, Emanuel Gerrit. Berteologi dalam Konteks: Pemikiran-pemikiran mengenai Kontekstualisasi Teologi di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2000.

———. Dua Konteks: Tafsir-tafsir Perjanjian Lama sebagai Respons atas Perjalanan Reformasi Indonesia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2009.

Smith, James K. A. Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.

Spaemann, Robert. Happiness and Benevolence. Translated by Jeremiah Alberg. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000.

Vacek, Edward Collins, S.J. Love, Human and Divine: The Heart of Christian Ethics. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1994.

Willard, Dallas. The Divine Conspiracy: Rediscovering Our Hidden Life in God. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.

———. Renovation of the Heart: Putting on the Character of Christ. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2002.

Wright, N. T. After You Believe: Why Christian Character Matters. New York: HarperOne, 2010.

Downloads

Published

17.04.2026

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

“Dari Aretē Ke agapē: Rekonstruksi Etika Kebajikan Kristiani Sebagai Basis Pendidikan Karakter”. 2026. KURIOS 12 (1): 39-53. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v12i1.1182.