Pendidikan Kristiani sebagai pembentukan habitus etis Trialektika Dallas Willard, James K. A. Smith, dan Pierre Bourdieu dalam konteks digital Indonesia
Abstract
Christian Education (CE) in the digital age faces a fundamental anthropological crisis: the dominant paradigm that conceives of humans as thinking things fails to reach the most formative layers of human existence, desires, habits, and dispositions internalized through repeated practice. Three paradigmatic reductions deepen this crisis: cognitivism, moralism, and rootless activism, all of which are intensified by the colonization of desire through digital platform algorithms. This article reconstructs CE as the formation of ethical habitus through a critical trialectic of Dallas Willard, James K. A. Smith, and Pierre Bourdieu. Willard contributes the dimension of spiritual intentionality through spiritual disciplines and the VIM thesis; Smith contributes liturgical affectivity through the liturgical animal anthropology and cultural liturgies; Bourdieu contributes socio-critical analysis through habitus, field, and capital. Employing a constructive, practical theological approach, the article argues that this triad reads the digital age as a new formative field that demands counter-for-mation praxis while opening critical dialogue with Indonesian local wisdom as resonant, thick traditions.
Abstrak
Pendidikan Kristiani (PK) di era digital menghadapi krisis antropologis yang mendasar: paradigma dominan yang memandang manusia sebagai thinking thing gagal menyentuh lapisan paling formatif keberadaan, yaitu kerinduan, kebiasaan, dan disposisi yang terinternalisasi melalui praktik berulang. Tiga reduksi paradigmatik memperdalam krisis ini: kognitivisme, moralisme, dan aktivisme tanpa akar, yang semuanya diperparah oleh kolonisasi desire oleh algoritma platform digital. Artikel ini merekonstruksi PK sebagai pembentukan habitus etis melalui trialektika kritis Dallas Willard, James K. A. Smith, dan Pierre Bourdieu. Willard menyumbang dimensi intensionalitas spiritual melalui spiritual disciplines dan tesis VIM; Smith menyumbang dimensi afektivitas liturgis melalui antropologi liturgical animal dan cultural liturgies; Bourdieu menyumbang analisis sosiologis-kritis melalui kerangka habitus, field, dan kapital. Menggunakan pendekatan teologi praktis konstruktif, artikel ini berargumentasi bahwa trialektika ini membaca era digital sebagai field formatif baru yang menuntut praksis counter-formation, sekaligus membuka dialog dengan kearifan lokal Indonesia sebagai thick traditions yang resonan.
Full text article
References
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Logic of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
———. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Campbell, Heidi A. "Understanding the Relationship between Religion Online and Offline in a Networked Society." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80, no. 1 (2012): 64–93.
Campbell, Heidi A., and Ruth Tsuria, eds. Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in Digital Media. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022.
Darmaputera, Eka. Pancasila: Identitas dan Modernitas; Tinjauan Etis dan Budaya. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 1988.
Habermas, Jürgen. "Notes on Post-Secular Society." New Perspectives Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2008): 17–29.
Hauerwas, Stanley. A Community of Character: Toward a Constructive Christian Social Ethic. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981.
Healy, Nicholas M. Hauerwas: A (Very) Critical Introduction. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2014.
Newbigin, Lesslie. Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.
Osmer, Richard R. Practical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008.
Root, Andrew. The Pastor in a Secular Age: Ministry to People Who No Longer Need a God. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2019.
Schreiter, Robert J. Constructing Local Theologies. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1985.
Smith, James K. A. Awaiting the King: Reforming Public Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2017.
———. Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.
———. Imagining the Kingdom: How Worship Works. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013.
———. You Are What You Love: The Spiritual Power of Habit. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2016.
Turkle, Sherry. Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.
Verter, Bradford. "Spiritual Capital: Theorizing Religion with Bourdieu against Bourdieu." Sociological Theory 21, no. 2 (2003): 150–174.
Willard, Dallas. The Disappearance of Moral Knowledge. Edited by Steven L. Porter, Aaron Preston, and Gregg A. Ten Elshof. London: Routledge, 2018.
———. The Divine Conspiracy: Rediscovering Our Hidden Life in God. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.
———. The Great Omission: Reclaiming Jesus's Essential Teachings on Discipleship. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2006.
———. Renovation of the Heart: Putting On the Character of Christ. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2002.
———. The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1988.
Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Jakson Sespa Toisuta, Yuli Pheanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.