Pelaku yang terlupakan

Konstruksi model pendampingan pastoral empatik-restoratif bagi remaja pelaku cyberbullying di jemaat GPM Bethania dan Nehemia, kota Ambon

Abstract

This study explores the motivations and contributing factors of cyberbullying among Christian adolescents in Ambon while constructing a contextual pastoral care model for perpetrators, a group largely neglected in pastoral theological discourse. A qualitative phenomenological method was applied within Richard Osmer's four-task framework of practical theology: descriptive-empirical, interpretive, normative, and pragmatic. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations with 43 adolescent informants from the GPM Bethania and GPM Nehemia congregations. The findings indicate that flaming and outing are the dominant forms of cyberbullying, driven mainly by peer solidarity and low emotional regulation. The normative analysis develops a theological foundation drawn from Andrew Sung Park's Triune Atone-ment, Miroslav Volf's paradigm of embrace, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer's costly grace. The study proposes an empathetic, restorative pastoral care model structured around four pillars: preventive education, empathetic pastoral counseling, peer tutor groups, and communal restorative action. Its contribution lies in shifting the paradigm of demonization of perpetrators toward a pastoral embrace that balances acceptance and moral accountability.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menggali motivasi dan faktor pendorong tindakan cyberbullying di kalangan remaja Kristen di Kota Ambon, sekaligus mengonstruksi model pendampingan pastoral yang relevan bagi pelaku cyberbullying, kelompok yang selama ini terabaikan dalam diskursus teologi pastoral. Metode kualitatif fenomenologis digunakan dengan kerangka empat tugas teologi praktis Richard Osmer, yaitu deskriptif empiris, interpretatif, normatif, dan pragmatik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion, dan observasi terhadap 43 informan remaja di Jemaat GPM Bethania dan GPM Nehemia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bentuk dominan cyberbullying adalah flaming dan outing, dengan dua faktor utama, yaitu solidaritas sebaya dan rendahnya regulasi emosi. Analisis normatif membangun landasan teologis berbasis Triune Atonement Andrew Sung Park, paradigma embrace Miroslav Volf, dan costly grace Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model pendampingan empatik-restoratif berbasis empat pilar: edukasi preventif, konseling pastoral empatik, kelompok tutor sebaya, dan aksi restoratif komunal. Kontribusinya adalah pergeseran paradigma dari demonisasi pelaku menuju perangkulan pastoral yang menjaga keseimbangan antara penerimaan dan pertanggungjawaban moral.